True rack-and-panel construction with self-locking connectors

ABSTRACT

Method as well as apparatus makes and breaks electrical connections between at least one electrical cable connector and an electronics module that has at least one corresponding panel connector. A rack receives and holds the module. A cable-connector holder, formed in the rack, receives and holds the cable connector(s) in positions aligned with the panel connector(s) when the electronics module is held in the rack. Each cable-connector holder easily and quickly engages, or disengages from, a corresponding cable connector. The rack itself provides only a mechanical intermediary, not an electrical intermediary, between the panel connectors and cable connectors. Preferably there are numerous cable connectors, with corresponding cable-connector holders and panel connectors. In this case the rack includes a device for quickly and easily disengaging the electronics module from the rack, and all the cable connectors from panel connectors, essentially simultaneously. The device preferably includes a door on the rack, and a system of lever arms with a rod for pulling the module out of the rack slightly. Analogous devices on the inside of the door help push the module into the rack, after it has been almost completely inserted, to finish seating the connectors. Preferably slots formed in the rack receive sliding hooks associated with each cable connector, and tapered centering pins help align the cable connectors to the module panel connectors.

RELATED PATENT DOCUMENTS

[0001] A closely related document is U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,394 of Astier.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates generally to equipment and procedures formaking wiring connections, and more particularly to equipment andprocedures for quickly and easily making and breaking a large number ofcable connections to an electronics module simultaneously, or any ofsuch connections selectively. The invention is also applicable tofacilitating the making or breaking of multiple-conductor connections ifall the wiring passes through only a few cable connectors, or even justone.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] A common apparatus used by the airline industry is an electronicsmodule. Each electronics module is connected to other equipment bycables. An electronics module utilizes a common device, to make andbreak these cable connections, called a cable connector.

[0004] One category of electronics module contains equipment whichoperates a variety of functions in an aircraft passenger cabin. There istypically one electronics module for each row of passenger seats on anairliner. In a commercial airliner an electronics module is commonlymounted under a seat, and therefore is inconvenient or awkward to reach.

[0005] During flight, aircraft undergo a significant amount ofvibration. Therefore, the electronics modules should be securelyfastened to the aircraft and the cable connectors should be securelyfastened to the electronics module. The electronics modules and thecable connectors, however, also require testing, repair and replacement,and therefore must be removable. For these purposes different designsare now in use as will be explained shortly.

[0006] First, however, it should be noted that such removal ofelectronics modules is quite frequent. It must also be recognized thatin the airline industry profit is made only by flying, and enormous lossor expense is incurred whenever aircraft must remain on the groundbecause of testing and repair.

[0007] Of course many spare modules can be kept available, so that ajetliner need not be delayed for the entire duration of testing andrepair of a malfunctioning electronics module. Nevertheless thesensitivity of airline operations to idle time is so great that even afew minutes' delay for removal or replacement—or for the availability ofa highly trained technician to perform such procedures—representsmonumental cost.

[0008] (a) Nonrack—In the nonrack design (FIGS. 10 and 11) theelectronics module 51 is mounted on a plate 52 with some means forattaching and detaching the plate from the aircraft. Numerous panelconnectors 53 are permanently fixed in the electronics module, and thecable connectors are attached directly to the electronics-module panelconnectors.

[0009] Therefore to test, repair or replace the electronics module eachcable connector must be individually disconnected from its correspondingpanel connector on the electronics module. Each cable connector issecurely fastened to the electronics module by a respective latch 55fixed permanently at each end of the panel connector.

[0010] When a cable connection is made, the two latches are manuallyfastened to each cable connector. To ensure that each cable connectorwill not disconnect due to vibration, the latches are made verydifficult to engage or remove. Thus it is awkward and time consuming toremove the electronics module because all of the individual cableconnections must be painstakingly disconnected first.

[0011] After the above steps are taken the electronics module can bedisconnected from the aircraft. This is done by lifting four differentknobs 54 on the electronics-module mounting plate to disconnect it fromthe aircraft.

[0012] In order to replace the electronics module the plate has to bereattached to the aircraft by pushing down the knobs. Then eachindividual cable connector must be reattached—first engaging the cableconnector with the panel connector on the electronics module, and nextfastening the two latches to the cable connector.

[0013] To properly engage the cable connector with the panel connectorit might be helpful for a person to visually align them. This wouldnecessitate lying on the floor of the aircraft because the electronicsmodules are under the seats. It is very important that the connectors beproperly aligned with each other so that they will engage correctly,otherwise they could sustain significant damage or fail to create awiring connection.

[0014] This nonrack apparatus creates a process that is very timeconsuming and requires a great deal of effort. Nonrack systems havesomewhat passed out of modern use.

[0015] (b) Rack—This design includes an electronics module, cableconnectors, and a rack 64 (FIGS. 13 through 13c) with a unitaryconnector 61 bolted 63 to it. The electronics module is not attached tothe cable connectors directly. The electronics module slides into, andis locked within, a rack that is securely attached to the aircraft.

[0016] Therefore an intermediary between the cables and the electronicsmodule has been created. This intermediary is both mechanical andelectrical. The rack is a mechanical intermediary, and the unitary cableconnector is an electrical intermediary.

[0017] This connector has one end of the cables permanently attached toit, with the opposite end extending toward—or in some cases to—otherequipment. At the opposite ends of the cables 62 are cable connectorsfor attachment to such other equipment.

[0018] This design fixes cables to the rack instead of using removableindividual cable connectors attached directly to the electronics module.The connector is positioned in the rack such that it is properly alignedto make the connection with the panel connector on the electronicsmodule.

[0019] This design allows the electronics module to be removed from therack without having to disconnect any of the cable connectors. To removethe electronics module from the rack, a hold-down device is manuallyunscrewed to release the electronics module from the rack and forciblywithdraw the multiple connector pins. Then the electronics module ispulled out by a handle on the module itself.

[0020] To put the electronics module back in place, it first must beslid into the rack. Once in the rack, the electronics module is manuallypushed into place to engage the connector. Then the electronics moduleis secured by the hold-down device, which requires a person to manuallyscrew the device in—to forcibly engage the multiple pins, and until theelectronics module is secure.

[0021] Although the electronics module can be removed withoutindividually removing each cable connector as in the previous design,the unitary connector is permanently attached to the rack. Therefore theentire rack must be removed to test, repair, or replace the connector.This requires a significant amount of time and effort.

[0022] (c) Cable connector—The Astier patent mentioned earlier covers aslide locking device 120 for connectors 105 (FIGS. 12 through 12B). Thislocking element fixes a cable connector to a panel connector 140. Thelocking element is partially attached to the cable connector (FIG. 12A),and positioned between the cable connector and the panel connector (FIG.12B).

[0023] The locking element has several hooks 130 which engagecorresponding slots 143 on a panel 142 after the connection has beenmade between the connectors. Then the locking element is manually slidlaterally to engage the hooks with the panel. This device allows theindividual cable connectors to be attached to the panel, and does sowithout the cumbersome latches described above. In order to make aproper connection, however, a person should visually align theconnectors, engage the connectors, and then slide the locking mechanismto engage the lock.

[0024] This locking device would make it slightly faster to disconnectall of the cable connectors from the electronics module in the nonrackdesign discussed above. The process, however, is still overly timeconsuming. This is mainly because the cable connectors must beindividually disconnected from the electronics module in order to removethe electronics module. This locking device would not apply to thebolted-on connector of the rack design.

[0025] (d) Conclusion—From the preceding descriptions, it is apparentthat the devices currently being used have significant disadvantages.Thus important aspects of the technology used in the field of theinvention remain amenable to useful refinement.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0026] The present invention introduces such refinement. In itspreferred embodiments, the present invention has several aspects orfacets that can be used independently, although they are preferablyemployed together to optimize their benefits.

[0027] In preferred embodiments of a first of its facets or aspects, theinvention is an apparatus for making or breaking electrical connectionsbetween at least one electrical cable connector and an electronicsmodule that has at least one corresponding panel connector. Theapparatus includes a rack for receiving and holding the electronicsmodule.

[0028] It also includes at least one cable-connector holder, formed inthe rack. The holder is for receiving and holding the at least one cableconnector—in position aligned with the at least one panel connector,when the electronics module is held in the rack. The at least onecable-connector holder has some means for easily and quickly engaging ordisengaging the corresponding cable connector.

[0029] For purposes of the greatest breadth and generality in describingand discussing my invention, I shall call these means the “connectorengaging or disengaging means” or in some cases simply the “engaging ordisengaging means”. As will be seen, these means may take any of a greatnumber of variant or equivalent forms.

[0030] The foregoing may constitute a description or definition of thefirst facet of the invention in its broadest or most general form. Evenin this general form, however, it can be seen that this aspect of theinvention significantly mitigates the difficulties left unresolved inthe art.

[0031] In particular, this aspect or facet of the invention creates anexclusively mechanical intermediary (the rack) between the cableconnector and the electronics module. This intermediary maximizesefficiency by substantially reducing the amount of time and effortneeded to engage or disengage the electronics module from the at leastone cable connector—but without the associated heavy and expensiveelectrical intermediary found in the prior art. This benefit arisesbecause the cable connector can be securely attached to the rack, notthe electronics module.

[0032] Therefore, the at least one cable connector need not be manuallydisengaged from or engaged with the respective panel connector orconnectors on the electronics module, to remove or replace theelectronics module. This invention allows for the immediate making orbreaking of the connection between the cable connector and the panelconnector—while maintaining the engagement of the cable connector to thecable-connector holder on the rack.

[0033] Further, the cable-connector holder—by also providing quick andeasy engagement or disengagement of the cable connector(s) from therack—achieves in one economical and lightweight system the best of allprior-art alternatives. Thus either the electronics module or the cableconnector, independently, will be quickly and easily removable orreplaceable.

[0034] Although this aspect of the invention in its broad form thusrepresents a significant advance in the art, it is preferably practicedin conjunction with certain other features or characteristics thatfurther enhance enjoyment of overall benefits.

[0035] For example, it is preferred that the at least onecable-connector holder comprise an array of numerous individualcable-connector holders formed in the rack. These cable-connectorholders are for receiving and holding the numerous individual cableconnectors—in positions respectively aligned with the numerousindividual panel connectors, when the electronics module is held in therack. By virtue of this alignment it will be possible to make or breakall the numerous cable-to-panel connections simultaneously, merely bypushing the module into or pulling it out of the rack—and this, onceagain, without the expensive, heavy electrical intermediary of the priorart.

[0036] In addition it is preferred that the engaging or disengagingmeans include an aperture in the rack. It is also preferred that theaperture in the rack be a narrow elongated slot. Various equivalents maybe substituted, as will be shown in a later section of this document.

[0037] Another preference is that the invention include some means forguiding the cable connector into the cable-connector holder. Again forgenerality and breadth of discussion I shall refer to these means simplyas the “guiding means”.

[0038] Also preferred is that the guiding means include two apertures inthe cable-connector holder for receiving two tapered screws on the cableconnector. It is also preferred that the two apertures be substantiallycircular. Other equivalent forms of guiding means, however, arediscussed in a later section.

[0039] Further preferred is that the rack have some means for quicklyand easily disengaging the electronics module from the rack. Once againfor generality I shall refer to these means as the “disengaging means”.

[0040] When there are plural cable connectors, these means preferablyalso disconnect the cable connectors from all the panel connectorssubstantially simultaneously. I further prefer that the disengagingmeans include two lever arms and a rod connected to those arms toslightly pull the electronics module out of the rack.

[0041] It is still further preferred that the rack have some means forquickly and easily engaging the electronics module with the rack. Theseengaging means should also seat all the cable connectors to thecorresponding panel connectors substantially simultaneously. Again forbreadth I shall refer to these means as the “electronics-module engagingmeans” or in some cases simply “engaging means”.

[0042] The engaging means preferably also include at least one bar onthe inside of the door of the rack. A variety of equivalents ispossible, and is discussed in a later section of this document.

[0043] In preferred embodiments of a second of its independent facets oraspects, the invention is an apparatus for making or breaking electricalconnections between at least one electrical cable and an electronicsmodule. The module has at least one panel connector.

[0044] The apparatus includes a rack for receiving and holding theelectronics module. It also includes at least one cable-connectorterminating the cables, respectively.

[0045] The apparatus further includes at least one cable-connectorholder, formed in the rack, for receiving and holding the at least onecable connector. The at least one cable connector will be held inposition aligned with the at least one panel connector, when theelectronics module is held in the rack.

[0046] Each cable connector has some means for easily and quicklyengaging, or disengaging from, a corresponding cable-connector holder.These means, for reasons suggested earlier, I shall call the“connector-holder engaging or disengaging means” or in some occurrencessimply the “engaging and disengaging means”. Further, each cableconnector preferably includes pins for mating directly with acorresponding panel connector of the electronics module.

[0047] The foregoing may constitute a description or definition of thesecond facet of the invention in its broadest or most general form. Evenin this general form, however, it can be seen that this aspect of theinvention too significantly mitigate the difficulties left unresolved inthe art.

[0048] In particular, such an invention minimizes the time, effort andskill required to make and break connections between the cable connectoror connectors and the cable-connector holder or holders on the rack,because each cable connector of my invention can easily and quicklyengage or disengage its cable-connector holder. This feature enablesswift and ready direct access to the cable wires for troubleshooting orcable-connector rewiring, a capability lacking in the previouslydiscussed prior-art rack system.

[0049] Yet the rapid and convenient installation and withdrawal of eachelectrical module in prior rack systems is preserved, because eachcable-connector holder in the rack aligns with a respective panelconnector on the electronics module. Therefore when the cable connectoris attached to the rack, the cable connector is precisely aligned withits corresponding panel connector on the module.

[0050] This second aspect of the invention in its broad form thusrepresents a significant advance in the art. Nevertheless it ispreferably practiced in conjunction with certain other features orcharacteristics that further enhance enjoyment of overall benefits.

[0051] For example, the invention has even more salient advantages ifused with a host electrical system in which the “at least one”electrical cable actually includes numerous individual cables, and inwhich the electronics module has correspondingly numerous individualpanel connectors, in an array. In this case it is preferred that the atleast one cable connector include numerous individual cable connectorsterminating the cables, respectively.

[0052] In the multicable case it is also desirable that the “at leastone” cable-connector holder include an array of individualcable-connector holders, formed in the rack. This array of holders isfor receiving and holding the numerous individual cable connectors inpositions aligned with the numerous individual cable connectors,respectively, when the electronics module is held in the rack.

[0053] It is also preferred that there be some means for engaging ordisengaging each cable connector. These means include a respectiveslide-lock retainer that tends to prevent vibration-induced spontaneousdisconnection of the individual cable connector from its connectorholder.

[0054] It is also preferred that the slide-lock retainer have aself-locking mechanism to automatically secure the retainer to thecorresponding connector holder. Preferably the self-locking mechanismincludes a spring-loaded latch.

[0055] It further preferably includes a cam that engages thecorresponding connector holder during making of a connection. The cammoves the latch out of its locked position temporarily permittingconnection of the individual cable connector to its holder.

[0056] It is also preferred that the second independent aspect of theinvention include numerous individual panel connectors of theelectronics module. Preferably the panel connectors are mounted in acommon chassis panel of the electronics module.

[0057] It is additionally preferred that the second independent aspectof the invention further include the electronics module. I am going topause to point out the powerful and important invention described by thepreference just introduced. When the rack is combined with the cableconnectors and the electronics module, a very efficient apparatus iscreated.

[0058] The rack has a front panel with an array of cable-connectorholders which have some means for quickly and easily engaging ordisengaging the cable connectors. The cable connectors also have thecorresponding means to quickly and easily engage or disengage thecable-connector holders.

[0059] Therefore the cables can be quickly and easily connected ordisconnected from the rack for testing or replacement. Further, theelectronics module can be removed from the rack without having todisconnect any of the cable connectors.

[0060] To fully appreciate the beneficial qualities of the inventiondescribed above it must be viewed in the environment in which it will beused. As explained in a preceding section, the invention can be used inaircraft—most commonly one complete apparatus for each row of seats onan airliner—and even a few minutes of idle time for changing out anelectronics module represents astonishingly high and unacceptableexpense or lost profit.

[0061] The electronics-module portion of this preferable form of myinvention can be removed from the rack or replaced with minimal skill,effort and time—thus obviating the need to incur such undesired effects.In view of the large number of electronics modules in each aircraft, itcan be appreciated how important and valuable this invention is.

[0062] In preferred embodiments of a third of its independent aspects orfacets, the invention is a cable connector for positioning a cable at aconnector holder. It includes a multiplicity of connector pins mountedin a connector body, and some means for connecting wires to the pins. Italso includes a slide-lock retainer for engaging the connector holder,which avoids vibration-induced spontaneous disconnection of theconnector from its holder. Also included is a self-locking mechanism toautomatically secure the retainer to the corresponding connector holder.

[0063] The foregoing may constitute a description or definition of thethird facet of the invention in its broadest or most general form. Evenin this general form, however, it can be seen that this aspect of theinvention too significantly mitigates the difficulties left unresolvedin the art.

[0064] In particular, due to the locations of electronics modules inaircraft, it is difficult to maneuver arms, hands and tools whenengaging or disengaging the cable connectors. Through use of aself-locking mechanism the cable connectors can be attached to thecable-connector holders on the rack by simply aligning and pushing.

[0065] This cable connector allows a cable to be engaged or disengagedwith the use of only one hand, and without tools. In light of the factthat these connections are made under an airplane seat or the like, itis important that the connection can be made with utmost ease. Myself-locking mechanism provides that ease.

[0066] Although this third aspect of the invention in its broad formthus represents a significant advance in the art, it is preferablypracticed in conjunction with certain other features or characteristicsthat further enhance enjoyment of overall benefits.

[0067] For example, it is preferred that the self-locking mechanisminclude a spring-loaded latch and a cam that engages the correspondingconnector holder during making of a connection. The cam moves the latchout of its locked position temporarily, permitting connection of theindividual cable connector to its holder.

[0068] It is also preferred that this aspect of the invention include atapered element projecting from the cable connector toward a receptaclein the holder. This tapered element facilitates manual alignment of theconnector and its corresponding holder.

[0069] In preferred embodiments of a fourth of its independent facets oraspects, the invention is a method of interconnecting numerous cableconnectors with corresponding numerous panel connectors of anelectronics module. This is done using a rack that receives the moduleat one side of the rack and receives the panel connectors at anotherside of the rack.

[0070] This method includes at least two steps. A first is insertion ofthe electronics module into the rack. A subsequent step is operation ofa lever to seat all the cable connectors and corresponding panelconnectors substantially simultaneously.

[0071] The foregoing may constitute a description or definition of thefourth facet of the invention in its broadest or most general form. Evenin this general form, however, it can be seen that this aspect of theinvention too significantly mitigate the difficulties left unresolved inthe art.

[0072] In particular, this method ensures proper alignment of the cableconnectors and the corresponding panel connectors. When the lever isoperated it seats the connectors together with precision. This apparatusensures that the connections are correctly made.

[0073] In preferred embodiments of a fifth of its independent facets oraspects, the invention is a method of disconnecting numerous cableconnectors from corresponding numerous panel connectors of anelectronics module. This is done using a rack that receives the moduleat one side of the rack and receives the panel connectors at anotherside of the rack.

[0074] This method includes at least two steps. A first is operation ofa lever to start all the cable connectors out of the corresponding panelconnectors substantially simultaneously. Another is removal of theelectronics module from the rack.

[0075] The foregoing may constitute a description or definition of thefifth facet of the invention in its broadest or most general form. Evenin this general form, however, it can be seen that this aspect of theinvention too significantly mitigates the difficulties left unresolvedin the art.

[0076] In particular, this method allows for the removal of theelectronics module from the rack with minimal time, skill and effort.The cable connections are disengaged without damage, since theextraction path is reproducibly straight and parallel to the connectorpins, for minimal stress.

[0077] In preferred embodiments of a sixth of its independent facets oraspects, the invention is a method of connecting an individual cableconnector which is one of numerous cable connectors attached torespective numerous individual panel connectors of an electronicsmodule. This is done using a rack that receives the module at one sideof the rack and receives the panel connectors at another side of therack.

[0078] This method includes at least two steps. First the individualcable connector is plugged into its respective individual panelconnector of the electronics module. Then the individual cable connectoris secured to its respective individual cable-connector holder.

[0079] The foregoing may constitute a description or definition of thesixth aspect of the invention in its broadest or most general form. Evenin this general form, however, it can be seen that this facet of theinvention too significantly mitigates the difficulties left unresolvedin the art. In particular, this method allows the electronics module tobe removed without having to unplug all of the individual cableconnectors.

[0080] Although this sixth aspect of the invention in its broad formthus represents a significant advance in the art, it is preferablypracticed in conjunction with certain other features or characteristicsthat further enhance enjoyment of overall benefits.

[0081] For example, it is preferred that the method be used with a cableconnector that has a slide-lock device with a cam. The cam engages theconnector holder to temporarily displace the slide-lock device forattachment to the connector holder. Preferably then the securing stepincludes advancing the connector generally straight into the holder tooperate the cam for temporary displacement of the slidelock. This stepenables engagement of the connector with the holder.

[0082] In preferred embodiments of a seventh of its independent facetsor aspects, the invention is a method of disconnecting an individualcable connector which is one of numerous cable connectors attached torespective numerous individual panel connectors of an electronicsmodule. This is done by using a rack that receives the module at oneside of the rack and receives the panel connectors in respectiveindividual cable-connector holders at another side of the rack.

[0083] This method has at least two steps. They include firstdisconnecting the individual cable connector from its respectiveindividual cable connector holder, and then unplugging the individualcable connector from its respective individual panel connector of theelectronics module.

[0084] The foregoing may constitute a description or definition of theseventh facet of the invention in its broadest or most general form.Even in this general form, however, it can be seen that this aspect ofthe invention too significantly mitigates difficulties left unresolvedin the art. Specifically, while maintaining the benefits of easy moduleinstallation and removal the invention achieves very rapid and easyremoval of cable connectors individually for voltage, continuity, orfunctional checks of the connected wiring or remote circuitry—or both.

[0085] Although this aspect of the invention even as thus broadlycouched serves an excellent purpose, nevertheless preferably it isperformed with certain additional features or characteristics thatfurther enhance enjoyment of overall benefits. For example, it ispreferred that the disconnecting step include operating a slide-latch onthe cable connector to release the connector from the holder.

[0086] All of the foregoing operational principles and advantages of thepresent invention will be more fully appreciated upon consideration ofthe following detailed description, with reference to the appendeddrawings, of which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0087]FIG. 1 is an isometric view from above right, showing the front ofthe rack—with the door open and the electronics module aligned to enterthe back of the rack through the opening, and one cable connectoraligned to enter one cable-connector holder;

[0088]FIG. 1A is a like view from below right;

[0089]FIG. 2 is a like view from above left, and somewhat enlarged, butshowing only the front and side of the rack with the electronics modulecompletely inside, and one cable connector aligned to enter onecable-connector holder;

[0090]FIG. 2A is an isometric view of the rack from below right front,showing numerous cable connectors attached;

[0091]FIG. 2B is a like view from above left rear, showing the interiorsurface of the panel in the rack;

[0092]FIG. 3 is an exploded isometric view of the right side of a cableconnector;

[0093]FIG. 3A is an exploded isometric view of the same side;

[0094]FIG. 3B is an isometric view of the cable connector assembled andwith a cable attached;

[0095]FIG. 4 is an enlarged isometric view of the rack, from aboveright, with the door open showing the engaging bars and one lever arm;

[0096]FIG. 5 is a like view of the rack, from below left, showing therod without the lever arm attached;

[0097]FIG. 5A is a like view, less highly enlarged and with the frontpanel removed (but with some connectors still included for orientation)to show the rod in place;

[0098]FIG. 6 is a two-step flow chart depicting a method ofinterconnecting numerous cable connectors with corresponding numerouspanel connectors;

[0099]FIG. 7 is a two-step flow chart depicting a method ofdisconnecting numerous cable connectors from corresponding numerouspanel connectors;

[0100]FIG. 8 is a two-step flow chart depicting a method of connectingan individual cable connector to a respective panel connector;

[0101]FIG. 8A includes the same two-step method above with additionalinformation for the securing step;

[0102]FIG. 9 is a two-step flow chart depicting a method ofdisconnecting an individual cable connector to an individual panelconnector;

[0103]FIG. 9A includes the same two-step method above with additionaldetail for the disconnecting step;

[0104]FIG. 10 is an isometric view from above of the left side of theprior nonrack design, without cable connectors;

[0105]FIG. 11 is a like view but from below right;

[0106]FIG. 12 is an isometric view of the prior-art cable connectoraligned with the removable locking device;

[0107]FIG. 12A is a like view with the cable connector attached to thelocking device;

[0108]FIG. 12B is an isometric view of the cable connector with lockingdevice attached, aligned to enter the panel;

[0109]FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the rack interior from aboverear, showing the unitary connector;

[0110]FIG. 13A is a like view, but enlarged and from within the rack;

[0111]FIG. 13B is an exterior view of the unitary connector from aboveright front, showing the cables attached; and

[0112]FIG. 13C is a perspective view, from above right and enlarged,showing the unitary connector mounted in the rack.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0113] A preferred embodiment of my invention provides a rack 11 whichacts as a housing for an electronics module 21 (FIGS. 1 and 1A). Therack creates a mechanical intermediary between the electronics moduleand numerous cable connectors.

[0114] This intermediary is different from the intermediary created bythe prior rack design. That prior rack design created a mechanical andelectrical intermediary. This preferred embodiment of my inventioncreates an exclusively mechanical intermediary, with a panel 41.

[0115] The front side of the rack carries the panel 41 with an array ofcable-connector holders 42 (FIGS. 1 and 1A). The benefit of thisstructure is that it allows the electronics module to be disconnectedfrom the cable connectors without disconnecting any cable connectorsindividually—but each cable connector can be quickly removedindividually for troubleshooting access or the like as explainedearlier.

[0116] Each cable-connector holder includes a connector aperture 45,defined in the panel, through which a cable connector 31 can engage apanel connector 22. Each cable-connector holder 42 also includes fourslots 43 which are defined at the corners of the connector aperture 45(FIG. 1).

[0117] These simple slots serve admirably as the previously introducedconnector engaging or disengaging means, and are the form which Iprefer. As mentioned earlier, however, various partial equivalents areavailable—for example notches or like cutouts that are not completelysurrounded by material of the panel, or formed or attached hookstructures that project outward to engage slots or other features formedin the cable connectors.

[0118] Also included are two circular apertures 44: one at each side ofthe connector aperture 45 respectively. Further included beyond the slotand circular aperture, at each side of the connector aperture, is anopening 46 for passage of a latch 24 on the electronics module 21. Thesesquare openings and latches are provided to give the invention backwardcompatibility with conventional cable connectors known heretofore; inpreferred practice of my invention they are generally unused.

[0119] The electronics module 21 enters the rack through an orificecreated when a door 12 is open. The front side of the electronics moduleis a panel 22 with an array of panel connectors 23 (FIGS. 1 and 1A). Thelatches 24 are located at opposite ends of each panel connector. Againthese latches will only appear on the current electronics modules toprovide the invention backward compatibility.

[0120] The door 12 hinges at the bottom of the rack 11. Attached to thedoor, near the hinge, are two lever arms or linkages 13 (FIGS. 1 and1A). Opening the door operates the two arms or linkages, which arepositioned parallel to each other along the bottom of each side of therack, and extend almost to the inside of the front panel 41 of the rack.

[0121] The lever arms pull back a rod 14 (FIGS. 5 and 5A) when the dooris opened. The rod is attached to the ends of the lever arms and isperpendicular to those lever arms. Therefore the rod pulls theelectronics module 21 out of the rack when the door is open. Theone-step process of opening the door completes two objectives. First theelectronics module is unsecured; second, the rod pulls the module out ofthe rack.

[0122] This structure of lever and linkage is a particularly simple andeffective form of means for disengaging the electronics module from therack, and withdrawing all the connector pins—simultaneously—because itoperates, in a sense, automatically in response to opening of the door.To an extent, however, many other kinds of mechanisms are equivalentswithin the scope of the appended claims.

[0123] One example is a separately actuated lever and cam arrangement,for instance not triggered by operating the door but by a separatehandle, pedal, draw-cord with pulleys or block and tackle, etc. Theessences of the particular feature are that a mechanical advantage isprovided to help withdraw the module, and operation is from the back ofthe rack where the module will exit—so that the entire operation can beaccomplished from the same end of the rack. Thus any mechanism thatgenerally supplies these characteristics could possibly serve.

[0124] When the electronics module 21 (FIG. 2) is completely inside therack 11, each of the panel connectors 23 aligns with its correspondingcable-connector holder 42. The panel connectors are positioned such thatthey are approximately flush with the front panel 41 of the rack. Thelatches 24 pass through the openings 46 so that they can engage cableconnectors if the cable connectors require them.

[0125] A cable connector 31 is shown properly aligned for connection tothe rack 11 and the panel connector 23. Numerous cable connectors (FIG.2A) can be attached to the rack, enabling the electronics module tooperate (or otherwise interact with) several pieces of equipment.

[0126] A cable connector 31 (FIGS. 3 through 3B) has several featureswhich allow it to quickly and securely engage the cable-connector holder42 on the front panel 41 of the rack 11. The features include a taperedscrew 34, a protective shell 35 that encases the pins, and four hooks33. The tapered screws (and to a much lesser extent the shell), inentering respective apertures in the panel, guide and properly align thecable connector with respect to the cable-holder portion of the panel.

[0127] The tapered screws 34 enter the circular apertures 44 (FIGS. 2Aand 2B). The cable-connector shell enters the connector aperture 45.

[0128] The conically tapered screw and its mating aperture incooperation tend to center the connector properly in the aperture—andguide it very precisely into place for mating with the correspondingelectronics-module panel connector. They thereby function as the guidingmeans mentioned in an earlier section of this document.

[0129] Equivalent guiding means, however, may include an aperture thatis not circular or not wholly enclosed—with a matching screw profile—ormay include a tapered projection from the panel, perhaps in cooperationwith an aperture in the corresponding cable connector. Further, althoughI prefer to use a conically symmetrical taper, various other taperconfigurations (oval, triangular, etc.) could be adequate andequivalent, as could be two screws or pins each tapered on onerespective side only (or angled in one respective direction only), sothat the two elements do together, in conjunction, what perhaps neitherone could do separately.

[0130] The four hooks 33 on the cable connector 31 can directly entertheir corresponding slots 43 of the cable-connector holder 42. Thesehooks serve very well as the previously discussed connector-holderengaging or disengaging means, but various partial equivalents arebelieved to be within the scope of the appended claims. As suggested inconnection with the cable-connector engaging or disengaging means, forexample, features of these two means may be exchanged—so that slots areformed in the cable connector to engage hooks or other projections fromthe panel.

[0131] The cable connector 31 has a self-locking mechanism, whichincludes a latch 37 that is loaded by a spring 39 (FIGS. 3 and 3A). Alsoincluded is a cam 38 which works when the cable connector is pushed intothe cable-connector holder. The cam engages the holder to temporarilymove the latch out of a locked position. To disengage the cableconnector from the cable-connector holder, a person manually compressesthe latch 37 out of the locked position and pulls the cable connectorout.

[0132] The combination of the above structures results in an enormousincrease in efficiency. The cable connector can be attached easily andquickly with one hand.

[0133] The cable connector 31 includes a multiplicity of connector pins40 (not shown), which may be substantially conventional pins, or pins ofnovel types not currently known. The pins are mounted in the connectorbody 31 and protected by a shell 35. A cable 32 enters the cableconnector at an opening 36 on a side of the cable connector such thatthe cable exits its connector at a ninety-degree angle to the pins.

[0134] The rack 11 (FIG. 4) includes a means for engaging the panelconnectors to their corresponding cable connectors. The engaging meansincludes two bars 15 on the door 12. These bars push on the back of theelectronics module and in doing so seat all of the cable connectionssimultaneously.

[0135] This configuration allows the electronics module to be secured inthe rack and have all of the cable connections engaged in one step.While this arrangement is particularly favorable as means for engagingall the connector pins fully—since it is actuated in a senseautomatically with operation of the door—other devices may beequivalents for the purposes of the appended claims.

[0136] Such devices, as in the above-described case of theelectronics-module extracting mechanism, may include similarlycoactuated—or separately actuated—levers, pushrods, cams, cords withmechanical-advantage paths, etc.

[0137] In view of the foregoing description of the apparatus of myinvention, the methods described in FIGS. 6 through 8 should be selfexplanatory.

[0138] The above disclosure is intended as merely exemplary, and not tolimit the scope of the invention—which is to be determined by referenceto the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. Apparatus for making or breaking electricalconnections between at least one electrical cable connector and anelectronics module that has at least one corresponding panel connector;said apparatus comprising: a rack for receiving and holding theelectronics module; and at least one cable-connector holder, formed inthe rack, for receiving and holding the at least one cable connector inpositions aligned with the at least one panel connector when theelectronics module is held in the rack; each cable-connector holdercomprising means for easily and quickly engaging, or disengaging from, acorresponding cable connector.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, for use ifsaid at least one cable connector comprises numerous individualelectrical cable connectors and said electronics module has numerousindividual panel connectors in an array; and wherein: the at least onecable-connector holder comprises an array of numerous individualcable-connector holders formed in the rack, for receiving and holdingthe numerous individual cable connectors, in positions aligned with thenumerous individual panel connectors when the electronics module is heldin the rack.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the rack has meansfor quickly and easily disengaging the electronics module from the rack,and all the cable connectors from the panel connectors, substantiallysimultaneously.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the disengagingmeans comprise: a door, hinged to the rack, for securing the electronicsmodule; two lever arms actuated by the door; and a rod, attached to thelever arms, for pulling the electronics module slightly out of the rackto disengage all the cable connections substantially simultaneously. 5.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the rack has means for quickly andeasily engaging the electronics module with the rack, and seating allthe cable connectors to the corresponding panel connectors,substantially simultaneously.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theengaging or disengaging means comprise: an aperture in the rack.
 7. Theapparatus of claim 6, wherein: the aperture in the rack is a narrowelongated slot.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: meansfor guiding the cable connector into the cable-connector holder.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein the guiding means comprise: at least oneaperture in the cable-connector holder for receiving respective taperedscrews on the cable connector.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:each aperture is substantially circular.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the engaging means comprise: a door, hinged to the rack, forsecuring the electronics module; at least one bar on the inside of thedoor.
 12. Apparatus for making or breaking electrical connectionsbetween at least one electrical cable and an electronics module that hasat least one panel connector; said apparatus comprising: a rack forreceiving and holding the electronics module; at least one cableconnector terminating the at least one cable, respectively; and at leastone cable-connector holder, formed in the rack, for receiving andholding the at least one cable connector in position aligned with the atleast one panel connector when the electronics module is held in therack; each cable connector comprising means for easily and quicklyengaging, or disengaging from, a corresponding cable-connector holder;and each cable connector comprising pins for mating directly with acorresponding panel connector of the electronics module.
 13. Theapparatus of claim 12, for use with an electronics module that hasnumerous individual panel connectors in an array; and wherein: the atleast one electrical cable comprises numerous individual electricalcables; the at least one cable connector comprises numerous individualcable connectors terminating the cables, respectively; and the at leastone cable-connector holder comprises an array of individualcable-connector holders, formed in the rack, for receiving and holdingthe numerous individual cable connectors in positions aligned with thenumerous individual panel connectors when the electronics module is heldin the rack.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising: saidnumerous individual panel connectors of the electronics module.
 15. Theapparatus of claim 14, wherein: the panel connectors are mounted in acommon chassis panel of the electronics module.
 16. The apparatus ofclaim 15, further comprising: said electronics module.
 17. The apparatusof claim 12, wherein: the engaging or disengaging means for each cableconnector comprises a respective slide-lock retainer that tends toprevent vibration-induced spontaneous disconnection of the individualcable connector from its connector holder.
 18. The apparatus of claim17, wherein: the slide-lock retainer has a self-locking mechanism toautomatically secure the retainer to the corresponding connector holder.19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the self-locking mechanismcomprises: a spring-loaded latch; and a cam that engages thecorresponding connector holder during making of a connection, to movethe latch out of its locked position temporarily permitting connectionof the individual cable connector to its holder.
 20. A cable connectorfor positioning a cable at a connector holder; said connectorcomprising: a multiplicity of connector pins mounted in a connectorbody; means for connecting wires to the pins; a shell for protecting thepins and connecting means; a slide-lock retainer for engaging theconnector holder to avoid vibration-induced spontaneous disconnection ofthe connector from its holder; and a self-locking mechanism toautomatically secure the retainer to the corresponding connector holder.21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the self-locking mechanismcomprises: a spring-loaded latch; and a cam that engages thecorresponding connector holder during making of a connection, to movethe latch out of its locked position temporarily permitting connectionof the individual cable connector to its holder.
 22. The apparatus ofclaim 21, further comprising: a tapered element projecting from thecable connector toward a receptacle in the holder, to facilitate manualalignment of the connector with the holder.
 23. A method ofinterconnecting numerous cable connectors with corresponding numerouspanel connectors of an electronics module, using a rack that receivesthe module at one side of the rack and receives the panel connectors atanother side of the rack; said method comprising the steps of: insertingthe electronics module into the rack; and then operating a lever to seatall the cable connectors and corresponding panel connectorssubstantially simultaneously.
 24. A method of disconnecting numerouscable connectors from corresponding numerous panel connectors of anelectronics module, using a rack that receives the module at one side ofthe rack and receives the panel connectors at another side of the rack;said method comprising the steps of: operating a lever to start all thecable connectors out of the corresponding panel connectors substantiallysimultaneously; and then removing the electronics module from the rack.25. A method of connecting an individual cable connector which is one ofnumerous cable connectors attached to respective numerous individualpanel connectors of an electronics module, using a rack that receivesthe module at one side of the rack and receives the panel connectors inrespective individual cable-connector holders at another side of therack; said method comprising the steps of: plugging the individual cableconnector into its respective individual panel connector of theelectronics module; and securing the individual cable connector to itsrespective individual cable-connector holder.
 26. The method of claim25, for use with a cable connector that has a slide-lock with a cam thatengages the connector holder to temporarily displace the slide-lock forattachment to the connector holder; wherein: the securing step comprisesadvancing the connector generally straight into the holder, to operatethe cam for temporary displacement of the slide-lock and enableengagement of the connector with the holder.
 27. A method ofdisconnecting an individual cable connector which is one of numerouscable connectors attached to respective numerous individual panelconnectors of an electronics module, using a rack that receives themodule at one side of the rack and receives the panel connectors inrespective individual cable-connector holders at another side of therack; said method comprising the steps of: disconnecting the individualcable connector from its respective individual cable-connector holder;and unplugging the individual cable connector from its respectiveindividual panel connector of the electronics module.
 28. The method ofclaim 27, wherein: the disconnecting step comprises operating aslide-latch on the cable connector to release the connector from theholder.